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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 55: e17561, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039065

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Most studies observe the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in 10-12 weeks. This work investigated the effects induced by a HFD administered for 6 weeks on the nutritional status of mice and some aspects of the inflammatory response in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Male Swiss Webster mice, 2-3 months of age, were fed a control diet or HFD for 6 weeks. After this period, the mice were euthanized, and peritoneal macrophages were collected for immunoassays and assessment of biochemical parameters. A HFD was associated with increased cholesterol, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, and serum resistin levels. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated adipocyte cultures of animals subjected to a HFD showed increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, peritoneal macrophages of the HFD group showed no changes in the levels of these cytokines. LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from HFD-treated animals showed a reduction in mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as a decrease in expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). In conclusion, HFD treatment for 6 weeks induces similar signs to metabolic syndrome and decreases the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to develop an appropriate inflammatory response to a bacterial component


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Macrophages, Peritoneal/classification , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , NF-kappa B/pharmacokinetics , Metabolic Syndrome
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2016. 130 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846663

ABSTRACT

A desnutrição proteica (DP) pode ocasionar alterações na matriz extracelular (MEC) de diferentes órgãos e tecidos, inclusive o hematopoético, com comprometimento funcional. Estudos do nosso laboratório demonstraram, em modelo murino de DP, aumento da expressão proteica de fibronectina (FN) no estroma medular ósseo in vivo, principalmente na região subendosteal (local de fixação da célula tronco progenitora hemopoética). Já in vitro, no estroma medular ósseo, observou-se tanto o aumento quanto a diminuição de FN e a presença de suas isoformas. Essas alterações de FN parecem estar envolvidas com a hipoplasia da medula óssea (MO) em camundongos desnutridos. As modificações quantitativas de FN podem ser devidas: (i) à ação das metaloproteinases de matriz (MMP) responsáveis pela degradação das proteínas da MEC; (ii) aos inibidores de metaloproteinases (TIMP) que regulam a degradação da MEC; (iii) às alterações transcricionais, reguladas pela via de AKT/mTOR, que controla os splicing alternativos na FN, resultando em isoformas dessa proteína; (iv) a processos pós-transcricionais modulados por LC3, que aumenta a tradução do RNAm de FN. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi elucidar os mecanismos que alteram o turnover de FN no estroma medular ósseo em modelo murino de DP. Utilizamos camundongos, C57BL/6J machos, adultos, separados em dois grupos: controle e desnutrido, alimentados, ad libitum, com ração contendo 12% e 2% de proteína, respectivamente. Após cinco semanas de indução à desnutrição os camundongos foram eutanasiados, e coletado o material biológico. Avaliamos: o estado nutricional, o hematológico, a histologia da MO femoral bem como a determinação imunohistoquímica da FN, MMP-2 e MMP-9, determinação da expressão de FN e suas isoformas em células totais da MO, o estabelecimento do estroma medular ósseo in vitro, por 28 e 35 dias de cultivo. A partir das culturas foram avaliadas a expressão de RNAm de FN e suas isoformas, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, AKT, mTOR e LC3α e ß, quantificação de MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2,TNFα, TGFß e IL-1ß e determinação de LC3ß e proteínas da via de AKT/mTOR. Não observamos alterações na expressão do RNAm de FN e suas isoformas ex vivo e in vitro, mas um aumento da deposição de FN na MO.Também não observamos modificações na imunolocalização de MMP-2 e MMP-9 na MO e na atividade dessas proteínas no sobrenadante de culturas de células estromais in vitro, mas houve aumento da expressão do RNAm de MMP-9 em 28 dias de cultivo. Não detectamos alterações na expressão de RNAm e na concentração de TIMP-1 e TIMP-2 no sobrenadante das culturas. Houve redução significativa de TNFα e TGFß no sobrenadante das culturas de 28 dias. Observamos aumento da expressão do RNAm de mTOR em culturas de 28 dias e LC3α e LC3ß em 35 dias de células estromais. Encontramos menor fosforilação de PI3K, AKT, PTEN, mTOR e mTOR total e aumento de LC3ß em culturas de 28 dias, mas redução de LC3ß em 35 dias. Em função dos dados inferimos que a DP conduz a alterações da FN que não estão relacionadas à ação de MMPs e TIMPs e sim a modificações de LC3ß e da via de AKT/mTOR


Protein malnutrition (PM) can lead changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) from several organs and tissues, including hematopoietic, with functional impairments. Research from our laboratory demonstrated, in a murine model of protein malnutrition, increase in proteic expression of fibronectin (FN) in vivo bone marrow stroma, principally in subendosteal region (attachment site of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell - HSPC). It was observed as both an increase and a decrease in the presence of FN and its isoforms in vitro bone marrow stroma. These FN changes seem to be related to bone marrow (BM) hypoplasia in malnourished mice. Quantitative FN changes may be due to: (i) action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) responsible for ECM proteins degradation; (ii) tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) that regulate ECM degradation; (iii) transicional changes regulated by AKT/mTOR pathway, which controls alternative splicing in FN, resulting in isoforms from this protein; (iv) post-transcriptional processes modulated by LC3 that increases FN mRNA translation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidade the mechanisms that changes the FN turnover in bone marrow stroma in a murine model of PM. C57BL/6J, adult and male mice were used and divided into two groups: control and malnourished, fed ad libitum with ration containing 12% and 2% of protein, respectively. After five weeks of induction malnutrition, mice were euthanized and the biological material was collected. We evaluated: nutritional and hematologic status, the femoral BM histology, immunohistochemistry determination of FN, MMP-2 and MMP-9, the FN and its isoforms expression determination in total BM cells, establishment of in vitro bone marrow stroma for 28 and 35 days of culture. From the cultures were evaluated FN mRNA expressions and its isoforms, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, AKT, mTOR, LC3α and ß, quantification of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2,TNFα, TGFß and IL-1ß and determination of LC3ß and AKT/mTOR proteins. No changes were observed, ex vivo and in vitro, in the expression of FN mRNA and its isoforms, but there was a FN deposition increase in BM. We did not observe modifications in MMP-2 e MMP-9 immunolocalization in BM and in these proteins activity in the supernatant of in vitro stromal cell culture, but there was an increase in MMP-9 mRNA expression after 28 days of culture. We did not detect changes in mRNA and in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions in the supernatant of cultures. There was significant reduction of TNFα and TGFß in the cultures supernatant of 28 days. We observed an increase of mTOR RNAm in 28 days cultures and also LC3α and LC3ß in stromal cells with 35 days. We found lower phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, PTEN, mTOR e total mTOR and an LC3ß increase in 28 days cultures, yet an LC3ß reduction in 35 days. According to the data we conclude that PM leads to FN changes that are not related to MMPs and TIMPs actions, but the LC3ß and AKT/mTOR pathway modifications


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Bone Marrow , Fibronectins , /chemically induced , /complications , Hematology , Matrix Metalloproteinases/chemical synthesis , Metalloproteases/chemical synthesis , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/analysis
3.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 53(2): 138-145, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-789917

ABSTRACT

The use of animals in scientific research has contributed significantly to the development of science, promoting various advances in understanding the metabolic machinery and the discovery of treatments and preventive measures applied to human and veterinary medicine. The development and use of alternative methods is encouraged; however, in some situations, the use of animals in accordance with ethical policies is still required. Established hematological and clinical chemistry reference values in laboratory animals are essential to evaluate functional changes; however, there are few data in the literature on these values, being fundamentally a comparative basis. The aim of this investigation was the establishment of hematological and clinical chemistry reference values in common strains/stocks of mice used in animal experimentation. Blood profile (hemogram, reticulocytes and myelogram) and clinical chemistry serum determination of total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus were evaluated using C57BL/6, BALB/c and Swiss Webster mice, male, 2-3 months old. The results standardize reference intervals in animals reared in Laboratory Animal Facility, reflecting the expected condition in rodents subjected to scientific research...


O uso de animais na pesquisa científica tem contribuído significativamente para o desenvolvimento da ciência, promovendo vários avanços na compreensão da maquinaria metabólica, bem como a descoberta de tratamentos e medidas preventivas aplicadas à medicina humana e veterinária. O desenvolvimento e utilização de métodos alternativos é encorajado, no entanto, em algumas situações, ainda é necessária a utilização de animais em conformidade com termos éticos. Estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos para animais de laboratório é essencial para avaliar alterações funcionais, no entanto, existem poucos dados na literatura sobre estes valores, sendo fundamentalmente uma base comparativa. O presente trabalho foi delineado para estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos em linhagens camundongos utilizados em pesquisa científica. Foram avaliados o perfil sanguíneo (hemograma, reticulócitos e mielograma) e a determinação bioquímica sérica de proteínas totais, albumina, glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeos, cálcio e fósforo. Foram utilizados camundongos C57BL/6, BALB/c e Swiss Webster, do sexo masculino, 2-3 meses de idade. Os resultados padronizam intervalos de referência em camundongos criados em Biotério, refletindo a condição esperada nesses animais submetidos à investigação científica...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Serum Albumin/chemistry , Calcium/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Phosphorus/blood , Blood Glucose/chemistry , Blood Proteins/chemistry , Triglycerides/blood , Animals, Laboratory/blood , Reference Standards , Hematologic Tests/veterinary
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